InsightFab

Control Charts

Control Chart Constants Table

A2, A3, B3, B4, D3, D4, d2, d3, c4 — all constants for subgroup sizes n = 2 to 25. Source: AIAG SPC Manual.

Quick Lookup — click a row to highlight

Control Limit Formulas

X̄-R Chart

UCL = X̄ + A₂R̄

LCL = X̄ − A₂R̄

Uses: A2

X̄-S Chart

UCL = X̄ + A₃S̄

LCL = X̄ − A₃S̄

Uses: A3

R Chart

UCL = D₄R̄

LCL = D₃R̄

Uses: D3, D4

S Chart

UCL = B₄S̄

LCL = B₃S̄

Uses: B3, B4

Complete Constants Table

nd2d3c4A2A3D3D4B3B4
21.1280.8530.79791.8802.6590.0003.2670.0003.267
31.6930.8880.88621.0231.9540.0002.5750.0002.568
42.0590.8800.92130.7291.6280.0002.2820.0002.266
52.3260.8640.94000.5771.4270.0002.1150.0002.089
62.5340.8480.95150.4831.2870.0002.0040.0301.970
72.7040.8330.95940.4191.1820.0761.9240.1181.882
82.8470.8200.96500.3731.0990.1361.8640.1851.815
92.9700.8080.96930.3371.0320.1841.8160.2391.761
103.0780.7970.97270.3080.9750.2231.7770.2841.716
113.1730.7870.97540.2850.9270.2561.7440.3211.679
123.2580.7780.97760.2660.8860.2841.7160.3541.646
133.3360.7700.97940.2490.8500.3081.6920.3821.618
143.4070.7630.98100.2350.8170.3291.6710.4061.594
153.4720.7560.98230.2230.7890.3481.6520.4281.572
203.7350.7290.98690.1800.6800.4151.5850.5101.490
253.9310.7080.98960.1530.6060.4591.5410.5651.435

D3 = 0 for n ≤ 6 (lower control limit not applicable for small subgroups).